In 2003, a joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure report. Pharmacology antiarrhythmic drugs made easy youtube. The only class of antihypertensive agents which act on the afferent side of the sympathetic nervous system are the veratrum alkaloids fig 2. Aetiology of hypertension primary 9095% of cases also termed essential of idiopathic secondary about 5% of cases renal or renovascular disease endocrine disease phaeochomocytoma cusings syndrome conns syndrome acromegaly and hypothyroidism coarctation of the aorta iatrogenic hormonal. Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Some antihypertensive drugs, most notably betablockers, depress heart rate and contractility this decreases stroke volume by blocking the influence of sympathetic nerves on the heart. Common side effects include the following temporary reactions.
Start studying antihypertensive drugs, antianginal drugs, drugs for heart failure, diuretics. Without requiring much effort from your part, the gout diet guides you stepbystep on how to remove gout quickly and efficiently. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
Nov 21, 2009 metabolic syndrome represents the combination of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states. Ninety percent of cases of hypertension have no known cause. Indeed, essential hypertension appears to be a multifactorial disorder. This helps you give your presentation on hypertension in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations the uploader spent hisher valuable time to create this. This helps you give your presentation on pathophysiology of hypertension in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Hmgcoa 3hydroxy3methyglutaryl coenzyme a reductase is an enzyme that is a catalyst a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a change in the manufacture of cholesterol. A new strategy for treating hypertension by blocking the activity of the brain reninangiotensin system with aminopeptidase a inhibitors. Free download hypertension powerpoint presentation slides. Classification of antihypertensive drugs medical science.
Oct 29, 2017 an antihypertensive is a drug used to treat high blood pressure sources. Antihypertensive drugs may have some side effects but these can often be resolved by adjusting the dosage or changing the type of drugs. Changes in lifestyle are obviously the first therapeutic step and include both dietary modifications and increased daily exercise. Antihypertensive medications to keep blood pressure values below 160 110 mm hg. Comprehensive coverage of antihypertensives market 2020 big market research, global antihypertensives market size, share, trends, application, forecast, demand, insights, analysis, research, report, opportunities,20 2020. Ppt antihypertensive agents powerpoint presentation free. Antihypertensiv e drugs presented by abhaya s s roll no 59. The mechanisms of action of antihypertensive drugs. Diuretic agents have antihypertensive effects when used alone and enhance the efficacy of virtually all other antihypertensive drugs. Guidance on antihypertensive agents is provided by the national institute for health and care excellence. Apr 30, 2020 antihypertensive drugs powerpoint presentation, medicine science mbbs notes edurev is made by best teachers of mbbs.
Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional pathophysiology of hypertension powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs presents the biological and clinical knowledge in the field of hypertension. Antihypertensive drugs have diverse indications, both cardiac and noncardiac. Professor family medicine university of washington school of medicine seattle wa problem magnitude hypertension htn is the most common primary diagnosis in america.
Antihypertensive drugs comprise several classes of compound with the therapeutic intention of preventing, controlling, or treating hypertension. Purpose the overall class of antihypertensive agents lowers blood pressure, although the mechanisms of action vary greatly. Methyldopa may be used for the management of hypertension in pregnancy. Pathophysiology of hypertension powerpoint presentation. Antihypertensive drugs nursing pharmacology study guide. Diuretics in a nutshell when talking about heart conductivity, the first thing that comes to mind is the rate in which the heart contracts either too much or too little. Most drugs work on baroreceptors and the sympathetic nervous system or the reninangiotensinaldosterone system. When this force is elevated beyond a normal level, a patient will be diagnosed with either prehypertension or hypertension. It is precipitated by a long qt interval, which often is induced by drugs. Antihypertensives are medications used to treat high blood pressure hypertension. Antihypertensive drugs affect different areas of blood pressure control so in most cases, these agents are combined for synergistic effect ninety percent of cases of hypertension have no known cause.
If there is a disparity in category between the systolic and. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Once the underlying physiological mechanisms are understood, the likely side effect and drug interaction profiles begin to fall into place and make more sense. Antihypertensives are medications that lower blood pressure, reducing strain on, and damage to, the heart and blood vessels. The drugs decrease extracellular volume by inhibiting the nacl symporter. Antihypertensive drugs definition of antihypertensive drugs. The choice between the drugs is to a large degree determined by the characteristics of the patient being prescribed for, the drugs sideeffects, and cost. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the classification of antihypertensive mechanisms of drugs. Antihypertensive drugs fall into the following four major categories according to their site of action, but there is considerable overlap. Antihypertensive drug classification the antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension high blood pressure. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertension slideshare. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors acei angiotensin ii receptor blockers antiadrenergics calcium channel blockers diuretics direct vasodilators renin inhibitors aceis block the enzymes that convert angiotensin i to angiotensin ii potent vasoconstrictor have action of vasodilation and decrease. Ppt antihypertensives powerpoint presentation free to.
Aetiology of hypertension primary 9095% of cases also termed essential of idiopathic secondary about 5% of cases renal or renovascular disease endocrine disease phaeochomocytoma cusings syndrome conns syndrome acromegaly and hypothyroidism coarctation of the aorta iatrogenic. Hypertension affects approximately 1 of 3 adults in the united states, and about 2 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Antihypertensives are a classof drugs that are used to treat hypertension highblood pressure. Isbn 9789535104629, pdf isbn 9789535169499, published 20120328. Gao j, marc y, iturrioz x, leroux v, balavoine f, llorenscortes c. Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, like methyldopa and clonidine, act by stimulation of alpha 2 adrenoceptors in the central nervous system which results in a reduction in sympathetic tone and a fall in blood pressure. The uploader spent hisher valuable time to create this hypertension powerpoint presentation slides, to share hisher useful content with the world. These agents sensitize the afferent receptors, particularly in the heart and the carotid sinus so that a given level of pressure results in a larger amount of afferent nerve traffic. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmhg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and. Antihypertensive medications to keep blood pressure values below 160 110 ppt.
This book discusses the fundamental pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs. Another group of antihyperlipidemic drugs are called hmgcoa reductase inhibitors. Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure such as. Standard doses of most antihypertensive agents reduce blood pressure by 81047 mmhg. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Thiazides improve cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke, heart failure, coronary events, and death 36,37. Drugs called ace inhibitors and angiotensin2 receptor antagonists are used to treat high blood pressure hypertension, as are beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and other medications. If the heart is contracting at an increased, irregular, and uncontrollable speed, then. Thiazides improve cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke, heart failure, coronary events, and death 36, 37. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the classification of antihypertensive mechanisms. Antihypertensive drugs, antianginal drugs, drugs for heart. The current treatment of essential hypertension is based on the following concepts. Calciumchannel blockers, especially those nondihydropyridines that are more cardioselective, also reduce cardiac output by decreasing heart rate and. With compelling indications lifestyle modifications stage 2 hypertension sbp 160 or dbp 100 mmhg 2drug combination for most usually thiazidetype diuretic and acei, or arb, or bb, or ccb stage 1 hypertension sbp 140159 or dbp 9099 mmhg thiazidetype diuretics for most.
Antihypertensive drugs definition of antihypertensive. This document is highly rated by mbbs students and has been viewed 296 times. Increase in blood pressure is measured in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Although some controversies in the pathogenesis and clinical importance of metabolic syndrome still remain, the development of useful clinical tools to more easily identify these. Several questions remain to be elucidated with respect to pharmacological treatment. Antihypertensive drugs ace inhibitor may cause cough in. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Mild hypertension can sometimes be controlled with monotherapy, but most patients require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure. Antihypertensives are the drugs that are used to treat high blood pressure.
Four additional pharmacological classes are described in a shorter manner. Increase in blood pressure is measured in terms of systolic and diastolic blood. Moreover, hypertension in pregnancy is a growing public health issue. The mechanisms of action of antihypertensive drugs chest. If the heart is contracting at an increased, irregular, and uncontrollable speed, then what we usually give is a ratecontrol drug. Antihypertensive drugs powerpoint presentation, medicine. In addition, arbs are effective antihypertensive drugs for a bpindependent effect on arterial stiffness, mainly through longterm arterial remodeling and reduction of arterial wall fibrosis. Antidepressants, nootropic drugs and cns stimulants. Powerpoint is the worlds most popular presentation software which can let you create professional hypertension powerpoint presentation easily and in no time.
Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs 1st edition. Five major pharmacological classes of antihypertensive drugs are detailed here. Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs sciencedirect. Detection, evaluation and nonpharmacologic intervention misbah keen, md, faafp act. Antihypertensive drugs bja education oxford academic. Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension high blood pressure. A power point presentation on antihypertensive drugs suitable for medical pharmacology students. Therefore, the main action of antihypertensive agents is to alter the bodys regulating mechanisms e. In longterm controlled studies, the arbs olmesartan and valsartan had the capacity to reverse aortic stiffening independently of changes in bp. Since the product of heart rate and stroke volume equals cardiac output, an increase in heart rate will increase arterial blood pressure, all other factors remaining equal. Studying the pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs doesnt need to be difficult.
All antihypertensive drugs can only be sold on doctors prescription in registered dispensaries, and should be taken regularly according to medical instructions. Antihypertensive agents is the property of its rightful owner. Antihypertensives prescription drugs information drugs. Jun 08, 2019 antihypertensive drugs affect different areas of blood pressure control so in most cases, these agents are combined for synergistic effect. Jun 18, 2015 apr 30, 2020 antihypertensive drugs powerpoint presentation, medicine science mbbs notes edurev is made by best teachers of mbbs. Hypertension is defined as either a sustained systolic blood pressure sbpof greater than 140 mm hg or a sustained diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm of hg.
Pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs your complete guide. Cv pharmacology the pharmacologic treatment of systemic. Indications hypertension, either alone or with diuretic or other antihypertensive agents. Patients are advised to follow doctors instructions in using the drugs and consult their doctors if they have any concerns or queries. Antihypertensive drugs can be used as single therapy or in combination.
The prevalence of preeclampsia has increased by nearly one third during the past decade. Definition antihypertensive drugs are medicines that help lower blood pressure. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. With enough time and even more effort, you too can commit all antihypertensive drug classes to memory. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmhg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of. The site of action for thiazides is the nacl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, which is responsible for around 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Prophylaxis for migraine treatment of dysmenorrhea. Thiazide diuretics are the oldest class of antihypertensive drugs still in use. Management of patients with metabolic syndrome is a clinical challenge and requires a multifactorial, multidisciplinary approach. These definitions apply to adults on no antihypertensive medications and who are not acutely ill. Ppt antihypertensive agents powerpoint presentation. The site of action for thiazides is the nacl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, which is responsible for around 5% of. Purchase pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs 1st edition. New approaches in the treatment of hypertension circulation.
786 741 1072 1052 1467 1084 954 1193 1430 363 1421 1005 980 1001 431 1200 623 1378 870 1331 1386 1402 1224 688 1246 918 763 1493 1459 1066 1372